Credit Analyst - Overview, Job Description, Educational Requirements (2024)

What Is a Credit Analyst?

A credit analyst is a financial expert who evaluates the creditworthiness of securities, people, or businesses. These analysts typically have academic training in accounting, finance, or a related discipline.

Accounting knowledge, such as the capacity to draft and evaluate financial statements and ledgers, is necessary. In addition, risk analysis, mathematics, statistics, computing, and quantitative analysis are all abilities that many credit analysts possess.

They should be capable of conducting thorough studies, paying close attention to detail, and solving problems. They ought to be able to comprehend and use the language used in banking, business, and money.

If a candidate has a graduate degree, a prospective employer may overlook experience. Multiple financial institutions employ credit analysts. These include:

• Banks
• Investment firms
• Credit unions
• Credit rating organizations
• Insurance firms
• Asset management firms

These analysts predict whether a borrower can repay their debts by reviewing a borrower's credit and financial past. They also assess whether their financial situation and the general economic climate are favorable for repayment.

When analyzing the financial history of a prospective borrower, they look at financial statements and use ratios. This involves looking at a borrower's past payments, debts, income, and assets. The analyst searches for signs that the borrower might be a danger.

This information is used for concluding whether credit should be granted or denied, credit limits should be raised or lowered, and extra fees should be levied.

Interpreting financial statements and using ratios to examine a prospective borrower's history and fiduciary behavior is crucial to their employment. They evaluate the borrower's cash flows by comparing the ratios to industry benchmark statistics.

For example, before approving a loan for new farm machinery, a bank credit analyst may review the financial statements of that farm or agricultural business.

Key Responsibilities of a Credit Analyst

Credit analysts play an important role in the financial world. Their role is to review credit requests attentively, analyze financial data, and make helpful advice. Credit analysts are obliged to fulfill the following responsibilities:

• Financial Statement Analysis: Perform a complete analysis of financial statements and credit requests, including new applications, requests for modifications, suggestions for refinancing, and yearly due diligence.
• Credit Risk Assessment: Assess each request's credit risk and provide well-informed suggestions based on the results of the study.
• Presentation Skills: Clearly convey to management the analysis, conclusions, and credit risk recommendations, paying special attention to the borrower's ability to repay the credit.
• Compliance: To guarantee following set rules, stay up to date on the organization's lending policies and procedures.
• Data Reconciliation: Review credit files, spot any variances, inconsistencies, or conflicts, and take the appropriate remedial action.
• Financial Modeling: To offer analytical support for both new and current credit applications, develop and produce financial models and spreadsheets.

Credit analysts are accountable for carrying out comprehensive financial studies, evaluating credit risk, informing management of their conclusions, guaranteeing adherence to corporate guidelines, balancing information, and employing financial models to bolster credit judgments. They play a crucial role in controlling credit risk and making wise lending decisions.

Credit Risk Analysis

Since credit analysis is a specialized field of financial risk analysis, credit analysts are frequently referred to as credit risk analysts.

It is also because analysts assess the risk that investments carry before deciding on a borrower's interest rate, credit limit, and loan conditions.

They safeguard the lender in the event of a failure by the borrower. But they do so while simultaneously ensuring the borrower receives an affordable loan. Analysts might suggest a company loan or line of credit after considering certain risk factors.

These variables could be influenced by environmental elements like the economy, the stock market, changes in the law, and regulatory requirements.

When a client's company struggles to pay its employees, it may be a sign of declining sales and even bankruptcy, which could harm the bank's assets, credit standing, and reputation.

By evaluating the level of lending risk, banks can use financial data to decide whether they want to accept particular loans. If a loan is authorized, the credit analyst keeps track of the borrower's performance and may suggest ending the contract if it becomes risky.

Identifying the risk associated with a loan or venture aids banks in managing risks and generating income.

For example, a credit analyzer might give suggestions to someone who has fallen behind on their credit card payments. The analyst might advise lowering their credit limit, terminating their relationship, or extending them a new credit card with a reduced APR.

As credit stimulates financial activity, credit analysts are crucial to the health of a business. Consumers who have access to credit have more purchasing power. This helps improve people's quality of life and gives companies short-term liquidity, which then moves the economy.

Credit Analysts and Credit Ratings

Credit analysts evaluate debt issuers and their instruments and give grades based on letter grades. They collect and examine financial information about loans and other credit-related goods. These are called credit ratings.

An individual's three-digit range of credit score is between 300 to 850. The FICO score is the most typical kind of personal credit report.

Individuals' credit scores are usually generated automatically using algorithms based on their credit payment histories, spending patterns, and prior bankruptcies.

Depending on the scoring model used to determine them, credit score ranges and what they signify will differ, but they are typically comparable to the following:

• 300-579: Poor
• 580-669: Fair
• 670-739: Good
• 740-799: Very Good
• 800-850: Excellent

However, higher scores typically imply that you have previously displayed responsible credit behavior, which might give prospective creditors and lenders more confidence when assessing a new credit request.

Letter grades assign marks to debt issuers and the securities they issue, such as bonds. The best rating is AAA, then AA+, BBB, and so forth. Once a company's debt falls below a certain classification, it is deemed junk debt or below investment grade.

Due to the increased credit risk, these junk investments generally have greater yields.

Bonds issued by sovereign states may also have credit ratings. Bond assessments are frequently performed by credit experts who work for credit rating companies likeMoody'sorStandard & Poor's(S&P).

Rating organizations likeAM Bestrate insurance businesses according to their credit risk and financial stability.

Credit Analyst Certification

As for certification, candidates with bachelor's degrees and expertise are preferred. For example, theNational Association of Credit Analyststraining programs are advanced qualification options for some analysts.

While not necessary, aspiring credit analysts can pursue at least two related certifications in addition to a normal bachelor's or master's degree.

The Risk Management Association (RMA) lists two certifications as being available: Credit Risk Certification (CRC) and Certified Mortgage Banker (CMB).

According to the RMA, analysts with a bachelor's degree and five years of expertise working in commercial banking are eligible for the CRC. It is a computer-based exam with 126 multiple-choice questions that takes roughly five hours to finish.

Successful CRC bearers must also keep up 45 continuing education units and renew their licenses every three years.

Additionally, the CMB is helpful for researchers who want to become mortgage lenders.

The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) offers this certification. To obtain it, you must pass a two-part test that entails a 6hr written exam at your location and a 1hr oral exam at one of the MBA locations.

So, if you'd prefer to work with people, you could become a personal financial adviser. In this case, you'd provide advice and further insight on matters like insurance, investments, taxes, and retirement savings.

A Day in the Life of a Credit Analyst

The morning might be spent examining a company's financial statements by a credit analyst who evaluates business and commercial loans.

They must use the company's financial records to determine credit metrics and financial ratios for leverage, coverage, and liquidity. This information will support their final lending choice.

During a conference in the afternoon, senior credit risk managers may review any impending regulatory changes that might impact how they calculate counterparty risk exposure.

The credit analyst may then be required to work with model developers to help them integrate changes into the bank's internal counterparty risk models.

The counterparty credit analyst, which includes broker-dealers, business clients, institutional clients, and other banks, assesses and examines the creditworthiness of the bank's counterparties.

To determine how much the bank's exposure to counterparties has changed as market conditions have changed, internal models developed by the bank produce reports that credit analysts specializing in counterparty credit risk may examine in the morning.

They will collaborate closely with front office trading desks to ensure that credit risk exposures for those counterparties do not surpass the bank's risk appetite and to look into any potential limit breaches.

Senior credit risk managers may discuss any upcoming regulatory changes that could affect how they determine counterparty risk exposure during a conference in the afternoon.

To assist model creators in incorporating changes into the bank's internal counterparty risk models, the analyst may then need to collaborate with them.

At the end of the day, the counterparty credit analyst evaluates and reviews the creditworthiness of the bank's counterparties, including broker-dealers, corporate customers, institutional clients, and other banks.